一般来说，金相制样包括切割，镶嵌和磨抛三大步骤。顾名思义：切割是分切原始样品，获取最具代表性的目标分析面。镶嵌则是将切割后的样品放入填埋树脂内，形成标准的样品便于后续磨抛处理。磨抛是把目标分析面平整化处理，消除划痕，便于后期显微观测使用。

Metallographic sample preparation is a technical job, and cutting is the first. The quality of cutting directly determines whether the entire sample preparation process can be successful, so it is very critical. The sample maker needs to understand the basic conditions of the target material, such as the mechanical performance indicators such as hardness and strength of the material, the key observation points, and the taboo requirements of the target material. Then, according to these characteristics, the appropriate cutting process can be formulated.