Metallography is a systematic discipline that requires a lot of basic knowledge of materials science as a basis, combined with the understanding of process characteristics, relying on skilled sample preparation techniques and rich analysis experience, in order to reveal the mechanism hidden behind the metallographic photos, draw accurate conclusions, and then guide the process.

The ultimate goal of metallographic sample preparation is to prepare a flat mirror surface for observation after corrosion or direct observation. The importance of grinding and polishing is obvious. Polishing is the last step in the sample preparation stage, and it is also the most important and critical step.

Metallographic sample preparation is a technical job, especially cutting. The quality of cutting directly determines whether the entire sample preparation process can be successful, so it is very critical. Metallographic cutting is to cut the original sample to obtain the most representative target analysis surface. Cutting is essentially the process of removing the slit material. The cutting blade rotates at high speed to make the hard abrasive protruding on the surface impact the sample, and the sample is cut by self-loss.

Metallographic testing is an important means of material analysis. Simply said that metallographic analysis is to select one of the analysis surfaces on the target material for microscopic observation. The observation surface can be a surface that has not been corroded, used to observe material features such as inclusions, holes, and cracks; it can also be a surface after corrosion, using the different reaction rates of various tissues to the corrosive liquid to show surface shape of varying depths, thereby reversely explaining the types and distribution patterns of various tissues.

Metallographic analysis is generally performed on cross-sections for microscopic observation. After cutting, most samples are irregular in shape, which is inconvenient to clamp and grind, so most of the cut samples need to be inlaid into a standard size.

一般来说，金相制样包括切割，镶嵌和磨抛三大步骤。顾名思义：切割是分切原始样品，获取最具代表性的目标分析面。镶嵌则是将切割后的样品放入填埋树脂内，形成标准的样品便于后续磨抛处理。磨抛是把目标分析面平整化处理，消除划痕，便于后期显微观测使用。

The ultimate goal of metallographic sample preparation is to prepare a flat mirror surface for observation after corrosion or direct observation. The importance of grinding and polishing is obvious. If cutting and mounting are the preliminary steps of sample preparation, then grinding and polishing are the most important steps in the sample preparation process. Friends who are fortunate enough to avoid the cutting and mounting processes should be more cautious and careful in the grinding and polishing stage, otherwise the work will fail.

The ultimate goal of metallographic sample preparation is to prepare a flat mirror surface for observation after corrosion or direct observation. The importance of grinding and polishing is obvious. If cutting and mounting are the preliminary steps of sample preparation, then grinding and polishing are the most important steps in the sample preparation process. Friends who are fortunate enough to avoid the cutting and mounting processes should be more cautious and careful in the grinding and polishing stage, otherwise the work will fail.

Metallographic analysis is generally performed on cross-sections for microscopic observation. Most of the samples after cutting are irregular in shape, which is inconvenient to clamp and grind, so most of the cut samples need to be inlaid into a standard size. Inlay is actually to fill and cover the cut sample with liquid resin in a fixed membrane cavity. After the liquid resin is solidified, it is demolded to form a standard-shaped inlaid sample.

热镶嵌是将树脂颗粒，填埋入模具内，加热至液态，在加压后紧密包覆样品，固化后脱模。热镶嵌多用于耐热耐压的固体材料。热镶嵌快速简单，样品致密标准，所以大多数金属材料采用热镶嵌的方式来制样。

优质切割片会让切割过程感觉轻快，切割表面均匀平整，同时又能做到锯片寿命较长。能平衡好这三点并非易事，川禾公司依据金相切割工况的特殊要求，精心挑选上乘磨料颗粒，优化磨粒的粒度分布，使用高结合力树脂粉料，反复优化成型工艺参数，开发出适合金相切割专用锯片。

金相制样是一门技术活，切割首先如此，切割的质量直接决定整个制样过程能否成功，所以非常关键。需要制样员对了解目标材料的基本状况，例如材料的硬度强度等力学性能指标，重点观察的部位，以及目标材料的禁忌要求。然后才能依据这些特点，制定恰当的切割工序。

磨抛环节有很多方面的影响因素，每一个因素的失控都会导致磨抛失败。对于现代金相制样而言，我们要保证优质磨抛，必须要把变量定量化，所有的开放型节点都能实现量化控制。例如设备支持中心加载和单点加载两种模式，盘面转速，夹持器转向和转速，夹持器在盘面的投影位置，加载压力，磨抛时间，悬浮液类型，加注速度，每一步的盘面类型等。把如上环节都实现的定量控制，那么磨抛成功的偶然性因素就大幅下降，制样从对人的依赖转向对设备的依赖，降低技术准入门槛。